Distinction Between Mute Spectators and Active Perpetrators:

Mere passive presence, turning a blind eye, or remaining a mute spectator to domestic harassment by the primary accused does not by itself constitute an offence or establish criminal complicity under penal statutes unless there is clear evidence of active involvement, collaboration, or instigation. (2025 INSC 160 | Gaddam Jhansi Vs State-of-Telangana)